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    <title>Les neurotechnologies : le vertige de la médecine de demain | Cairn.info</title>
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                            <entry>
    <id>tag:cairn.info,2005:article:ARCO_CHAMA_2014_01_0173</id>
    <title type="html"><![CDATA[
        5. Produire du savoir, produire du soin en neurosciences. Le cas de
la stimulation cérébrale profonde |
        Neurosciences et société
                    (2014)
            ]]></title>
            <subtitle type="html">
            <![CDATA[]]>
        </subtitle>
        <link href="https://shs.cairn.info/neurosciences-et-societe--9782200287641-page-173?lang=fr" type="text/html" rel="alternate" />
    <published>2014-03-19T00:00:00+01:00</published>
    <updated>2025-02-18T15:40:23+01:00</updated>
    </entry>
                                <entry>
    <id>tag:cairn.info,2005:article:ERES_HIRSC_2018_01_0387</id>
    <title type="html"><![CDATA[
        Pour un renouvellement de l’encadrement éthique des
neurotechnologies |
        Traité de bioéthique
                    (2018)
            ]]></title>
            <subtitle type="html">
            <![CDATA[]]>
        </subtitle>
        <link href="https://shs.cairn.info/traite-de-bioethique-iv--9782749260839-page-387?lang=fr" type="text/html" rel="alternate" />
    <published>2018-09-13T00:00:00+02:00</published>
    <updated>2025-02-18T15:40:02+01:00</updated>
    </entry>
                                <entry>
    <id>tag:cairn.info,2005:article:CERPSY_157_0014</id>
    <title type="html"><![CDATA[
        Un implant cérébral pour remarcher |
        Hyperparents
                    | Cerveau &amp; Psycho
            (2023/8 N° 157)
            ]]></title>
            <subtitle type="html">
            <![CDATA[]]>
        </subtitle>
        <link href="https://stm.cairn.info/magazine-cerveau-et-psycho-2023-8-page-14?lang=fr" type="text/html" rel="alternate" />
    <published>2023-07-07T00:00:00+02:00</published>
    <updated>2025-02-18T15:39:17+01:00</updated>
    </entry>
                                <entry>
    <id>tag:cairn.info,2005:article:BHESV_252_0221</id>
    <title type="html"><![CDATA[
        Stimulation cérébrale profonde et augmentation morale |
        Histoire de l’exploration et de la stimulation cérébrales
                    | Bulletin d’histoire et d’épistémologie des sciences de la vie
            (2018/2 Volume&#160;25)
            ]]></title>
        <link href="https://stm.cairn.info/revue-bulletin-d-histoire-et-d-epistemologie-des-sciences-de-la-vie-2018-2-page-221?lang=fr" type="text/html" rel="alternate" />
    <published>2018-07-01T00:00:00+02:00</published>
    <updated>2025-02-18T15:37:15+01:00</updated>
            <summary type="html"><![CDATA[This article focuses on the possibility of moral augmentation
through deep brain stimulation (DBS). Having defined what
constitutes moral enhancement and dismissed some prima facie
objections that one can make to it, this article attempts to
establish whether moral enhancement through the DBS is empirically
possible and raises a set of questions that would arise from the
use of this kind of technology in the field of moral cognition.]]></summary>
    </entry>
                                <entry>
    <id>tag:cairn.info,2005:article:DUNOD_GUILL_2014_01_0173</id>
    <title type="html"><![CDATA[
        Chapitre 10. Et après&#160;? |
        Poulpe fiction
                    (2014)
            ]]></title>
            <subtitle type="html">
            <![CDATA[]]>
        </subtitle>
        <link href="https://stm.cairn.info/poulpe-fiction--9782100706273-page-173?lang=fr" type="text/html" rel="alternate" />
    <published>2014-03-19T00:00:00+01:00</published>
    <updated>2025-02-18T15:37:04+01:00</updated>
    </entry>
                                <entry>
    <id>tag:cairn.info,2005:article:CERPSY_164_0018</id>
    <title type="html"><![CDATA[
        Neuralink&#160;: un premier patient implanté |
        Je pense trop&#160;!
                    | Cerveau &amp; Psycho
            (2024/4 N° 164)
            ]]></title>
            <subtitle type="html">
            <![CDATA[]]>
        </subtitle>
        <link href="https://stm.cairn.info/magazine-cerveau-et-psycho-2024-4-page-18?lang=fr" type="text/html" rel="alternate" />
    <published>2024-03-25T00:00:00+01:00</published>
    <updated>2025-02-18T15:35:19+01:00</updated>
    </entry>
                                <entry>
    <id>tag:cairn.info,2005:article:CERPSY_151_0016</id>
    <title type="html"><![CDATA[
        Coma&#160;: comment détecter la conscience&#160;? |
        La force de l'odorat
                    | Cerveau &amp; Psycho
            (2023/2 N° 151)
            ]]></title>
            <subtitle type="html">
            <![CDATA[]]>
        </subtitle>
        <link href="https://stm.cairn.info/magazine-cerveau-et-psycho-2023-2-page-16?lang=fr" type="text/html" rel="alternate" />
    <published>2023-01-18T00:00:00+01:00</published>
    <updated>2025-02-18T15:34:54+01:00</updated>
    </entry>
                                <entry>
    <id>tag:cairn.info,2005:article:CDLJ_2303_0469</id>
    <title type="html"><![CDATA[
        Les enjeux juridiques des interfaces cerveau-machine |
        Les neurosciences en justice&#160;: quels usages&#160;?
                    | Les Cahiers de la Justice
            (2023/3 N° 3)
            ]]></title>
        <link href="https://droit.cairn.info/revue-les-cahiers-de-la-justice-2023-3-page-469?lang=fr" type="text/html" rel="alternate" />
    <published>2023-09-13T00:00:00+02:00</published>
    <updated>2025-02-18T15:34:40+01:00</updated>
            <summary type="html"><![CDATA[Brain-computer interfaces are neurotechnologies that can decipher a
person's intentions and translate them into commands relayed to a
computer. Although they were initially developed for therapeutic or
medical purposes, they have also opened the door to the enhancement
of human intellectual and cognitive abilities sought by the
proponents of the transhumanist movement. These new technologies
represent a major challenge to our law, which will not only have to
adapt to counter the risks of intrusion, discrimination and
alienation that they bring with them, but could also see its very
foundations overturned, so likely are they to blur the distinction
between people and things and call into question our systems for
protecting the human body.]]></summary>
    </entry>
                                <entry>
    <id>tag:cairn.info,2005:article:HEG_094_0304</id>
    <title type="html"><![CDATA[
        De l’homme réparé à l’homme augmenté&#160;: de l’anti-corps au
garde-fou&#160;! |
        Varia
                    | Hegel
            (2019/4 N° 4)
            ]]></title>
        <link href="https://stm.cairn.info/revue-hegel-2019-4-page-304?lang=fr" type="text/html" rel="alternate" />
    <published>2019-11-01T00:00:00+01:00</published>
    <updated>2025-02-18T15:33:57+01:00</updated>
            <summary type="html"><![CDATA[The question of technology is also that of our world. I think that
we must also technically inhabit nature, and that we naturally
inhabit the technique. And that is also a heavy task of our time.
The real word for technique is poetic. To manufacture and to speak
is the same thing. The real technique is the encounter between the
word and the tool, that is to say the moment when there are words
that are useful and at the same time tools that speak. Speech and
gesture are inseparable. Today we are in a destruction of
technology by technology. It is not life that interests us but the
power over Life. It is not the man who interests us but the power
over the man.]]></summary>
    </entry>
                                <entry>
    <id>tag:cairn.info,2005:article:JIBES_293_0071</id>
    <title type="html"><![CDATA[
        La neuro-amélioration des sujets «&#160;sains&#160;»&#160;: enjeux
anthropologiques, sociologiques et juridiques |
        Transhumanisme
                    | Journal international de bioéthique et d&#039;éthique des sciences
            (2018/3 Vol. 29)
            ]]></title>
            <subtitle type="html">
            <![CDATA[]]>
        </subtitle>
        <link href="https://stm.cairn.info/revue-journal-international-de-bioethique-et-d-ethique-des-sciences-2018-3-page-71?lang=fr" type="text/html" rel="alternate" />
    <published>2018-12-18T00:00:00+01:00</published>
    <updated>2025-02-18T15:33:51+01:00</updated>
            <summary type="html"><![CDATA[With advances in neuroscience, the neuro-improvement market is
booming. Independently of the possible risks on public health,
neuro-improvement seems to come from a free decision and
self-definition. However, this evolution, benefiting from the
ambiguity between the notions of health and performance, leads to
question. Because this medicalization of society can carry risks
for the human person and introduce an imbalance in social
relations.]]></summary>
    </entry>
                                <entry>
    <id>tag:cairn.info,2005:article:DUNOD_BOSTR_2017_01_0041</id>
    <title type="html"><![CDATA[
        2. Les chemins qui mèneront à la superintelligence |
        Superintelligence
                    (2017)
            ]]></title>
        <link href="https://stm.cairn.info/superintelligence--9782100764860-page-41?lang=fr" type="text/html" rel="alternate" />
    <published>2017-10-11T00:00:00+02:00</published>
    <updated>2025-02-18T15:33:46+01:00</updated>
    </entry>
                                <entry>
    <id>tag:cairn.info,2005:article:CERPSY_129_0008a</id>
    <title type="html"><![CDATA[
        Implants cérébraux pour la lecture |
        L'hypnose fait ses preuves
                    | Cerveau &amp; Psycho
            (2021/2 N° 129)
            ]]></title>
            <subtitle type="html">
            <![CDATA[]]>
        </subtitle>
        <link href="https://stm.cairn.info/magazine-cerveau-et-psycho-2021-2-page-8a?lang=fr" type="text/html" rel="alternate" />
    <published>2021-01-02T00:00:00+01:00</published>
    <updated>2025-02-18T15:33:35+01:00</updated>
    </entry>
                                <entry>
    <id>tag:cairn.info,2005:article:HERM_DESMO_2019_01_0033</id>
    <title type="html"><![CDATA[
        I. La neurostimulation dans l’histoire de l’exploration du cerveau
humain profond |
        La stimulation cérébrale profonde, de l’innovation au soin
                    (2019)
            ]]></title>
        <link href="https://stm.cairn.info/la-stimulation-cerebrale-profonde-de-l-innovation---9791037000958-page-33?lang=fr" type="text/html" rel="alternate" />
    <published>2019-03-20T00:00:00+01:00</published>
    <updated>2025-02-18T15:33:03+01:00</updated>
    </entry>
                                <entry>
    <id>tag:cairn.info,2005:article:RNE_042_0108</id>
    <title type="html"><![CDATA[
        Y a-t-il une place pour la stimulation cérébrale profonde dans le
traitement symptomatique de la maladie d'Alzheimer&#160;? |
        Varia
                    | Revue de neuropsychologie
            (2012/2 Volume 4)
            ]]></title>
        <link href="https://stm.cairn.info/revue-de-neuropsychologie-2012-2-page-108?lang=fr" type="text/html" rel="alternate" />
    <published>2012-04-01T00:00:00+02:00</published>
    <updated>2025-02-18T15:32:43+01:00</updated>
            <summary type="html"><![CDATA[Is there a future for deep brain stimulation as a symptomatic
treatment in Alzheimer’s disease&#160;?Benefit from symptomatic and
etiologic treatments in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are still
insufficient. Recently two studies demonstrated that electrical
stimulation of memory circuits can enhance memory in humans without
memory impairment. First, improvement of verbal recollection has
been reported after deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the fornix in
the hypothalamus, in a patient in which DBS was implanted to treat
morbid obesity. More recently, seven epileptic patients explored by
deep electrodes underwent spatial learning tasks. When electrical
stimulation of the entorhinal cortex was applied during the
learning phase, they improved significantly their visuo-spatial
performances during the test phase, compared to non-stimulated
controls. Animal studies, electrophysiological and metabolic data
suggest several mechanisms of action: resetting of hippocampal
theta phase, increase of hipocampal neurogenesis, enhanced long
term potentiation, diffuse reactivation of hypoactive neo-cortical
associative regions belonging to the brain default network. Two
studies suggest that DBS could be used to modulate memory circuits
in patients with cognitive decline. In a phase I study, chronic DBS
of the fornix achieved to stabilize or slow the memory decline of
few patients with mild AD, one year after surgery. Another pilot
study reported a reversible improvement of memory, apraxia and
alertness in a patient with Parkinson dementia treated by DBS of
the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM). These data suggest that DBS
could be used as a symptomatic treatment of memory impairment in
patients with dementia, but also rise numerous questions that are
discussed here: Which patients will be best candidates for surgery,
considering the benefit/risk ratio of DBS? Which target (fornix,
NBM, entorhinal cortex) will be the best one, considering that they
undergo a degenerating process during AD&#160;? How sustainable
will be the benefit of DBS&#160;? What will be the acceptation of
DBS by AD patients&#160;?]]></summary>
    </entry>
                                <entry>
    <id>tag:cairn.info,2005:article:RNE_042_0084</id>
    <title type="html"><![CDATA[
        Panorama des approches par stimulation cérébrale en
neuropsychologie |
        Varia
                    | Revue de neuropsychologie
            (2012/2 Volume 4)
            ]]></title>
        <link href="https://stm.cairn.info/revue-de-neuropsychologie-2012-2-page-84?lang=fr" type="text/html" rel="alternate" />
    <published>2012-04-01T00:00:00+02:00</published>
    <updated>2025-02-18T15:32:35+01:00</updated>
            <summary type="html"><![CDATA[Brain stimulation in neuropsychology: a panoramaSeveral methods
utilizing electric or magnetic stimulation of the brain in healthy
or brain-damaged individuals allow us to study the relationship
between the brain structure and functioning, on the one hand, and
behaviour or cognitive functions, on the other. Surface or deep
brain stimulations concern pathological conditions which justify
direct stimulation of the brain, for instance when surgery for a
tumor is necessary. The aim is determining which cerebral areas
must be spared by the surgery for not to cause cognitive disorders,
in particular for language and memory. In this way, information
both about brain cartography of cognitive functions and
connectivity within the underpinning cerebral networks which
subtend these functions can be collected. Transcranial magnetic
stimulation and direct current transcranial stimulation are the
main noninvasive methods for fundamental research and therapeutic
purposes. This panorama introduces five papers corresponding to the
conferences invited at the 35th “Journées de printemps de la
Société de Neuropsychologie de Langue Française” held at the
University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis in May 2011. These
contributions will lead the reader to a deeper understanding of the
notions that are here introduced with respect to both theoretical
and clinical apports given to the field of neuropsychology by the
approaches utilizing brain stimulation.]]></summary>
    </entry>
                                <entry>
    <id>tag:cairn.info,2005:article:HERM_DESMO_2019_01_0105</id>
    <title type="html"><![CDATA[
        IV. Stimulation cérébrale, électricité et psychiatrie :
perspectives historiques |
        La stimulation cérébrale profonde, de l’innovation au soin
                    (2019)
            ]]></title>
        <link href="https://stm.cairn.info/la-stimulation-cerebrale-profonde-de-l-innovation---9791037000958-page-105?lang=fr" type="text/html" rel="alternate" />
    <published>2019-03-20T00:00:00+01:00</published>
    <updated>2025-02-18T15:32:16+01:00</updated>
    </entry>
                                <entry>
    <id>tag:cairn.info,2005:article:FLAM_HEYER_2017_01_0271</id>
    <title type="html"><![CDATA[
        L’Homme de demain sera-t-il un homme augmenté&#160;? |
        Une belle histoire de l'homme
                    (2017)
            ]]></title>
        <link href="https://stm.cairn.info/une-belle-histoire-de-l-homme--9782081396036-page-271?lang=fr" type="text/html" rel="alternate" />
    <published>2017-10-18T00:00:00+02:00</published>
    <updated>2025-02-18T15:31:48+01:00</updated>
    </entry>
                                <entry>
    <id>tag:cairn.info,2005:article:PLS_555_0008</id>
    <title type="html"><![CDATA[
        Une neuroprothèse pour lutter contre Parkinson |
        Cryptographie
                    | Pour la Science
            (2024/1 N° 555 – janvier)
            ]]></title>
            <subtitle type="html">
            <![CDATA[]]>
        </subtitle>
        <link href="https://stm.cairn.info/magazine-pour-la-science-2024-1-page-8?lang=fr" type="text/html" rel="alternate" />
    <published>2023-12-22T00:00:00+01:00</published>
    <updated>2025-02-18T15:31:36+01:00</updated>
    </entry>
                                <entry>
    <id>tag:cairn.info,2005:article:RINDU1_213_0016</id>
    <title type="html"><![CDATA[
        Apprendre à contrôler une interface cerveau-ordinateur&#160;: le
projet BrainConquest |
        Neurotechnologies et innovation responsable
                    | Réalités industrielles
            (2021/3 Août 2021)
            ]]></title>
        <link href="https://stm.cairn.info/revue-realites-industrielles-2021-3-page-16?lang=fr" type="text/html" rel="alternate" />
    <published>2021-07-12T00:00:00+02:00</published>
    <updated>2025-02-18T15:30:55+01:00</updated>
            <summary type="html"><![CDATA[Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI) are very promising
neurotechnologies for numerous applications, that are unfortunately
not yet reliable enough. Making them reliable and usable would
require improvements not only at the machine level (e.g.,
algorithms for brain signal analysis) but also at the user level.
Indeed, controlling a BCI is a skill that needs to be trained and
practiced. Unfortunately, the scientific community still poorly
understand how to train that skill effectively and efficiently.
This chapter presents the research conducted as part of the
BrainConquest project, which specifically aims at understanding,
modeling and optimizing this user training in BCI. It notably
illustrates the factors that can influence BCI control performances
(e.g., users’ personality or their mental states), the type of
feedback and training exercises that we can provide to users to
train them, or concrete applications that can be achieved following
that BCI user training, such as BCI-based assistive technologies
control or motor rehabilitation.]]></summary>
    </entry>
                                <entry>
    <id>tag:cairn.info,2005:article:RINDU1_213_0057</id>
    <title type="html"><![CDATA[
        Questions épistémologiques ouvertes par les neurosciences et
l’innovation en neurotechnologies |
        Neurotechnologies et innovation responsable
                    | Réalités industrielles
            (2021/3 Août 2021)
            ]]></title>
        <link href="https://stm.cairn.info/revue-realites-industrielles-2021-3-page-57?lang=fr" type="text/html" rel="alternate" />
    <published>2021-07-12T00:00:00+02:00</published>
    <updated>2025-02-18T15:30:48+01:00</updated>
            <summary type="html"><![CDATA[The neurosciences and new applications in neurotechnology are
undergoing unprecedented growth owing to the convergence of
biotechnology, information technology (augmented by artificial
intelligence) and nanotechnology. Corresponding to this growth is a
strong demand for medical devices and for commercial applications.
This opportunity for health and well-being lays the grounds,
however, for a threat against our conception of neuro-ethics. The
epistemological questions raised by neurotechnology must be
formulated so as to respect the individual’s mental integrity, the
very condition for human dignity and autonomy. The emergence of
responsible innovations in this domain will depend on the quality
of the answers made to these questions.]]></summary>
    </entry>
            </feed>
