He traces the circumstances surrounding the creation of these laws, which were driven by a desire to enhance transparency in economic life and to establish effective preventive mechanisms. The interview highlights the need to move beyond a strictly punitive approach by developing a genuine culture of integrity based on education, training, and the accountability of public and private actors.
In the French-speaking world, particularly in Africa, progress is being made, despite persistent institutional and political obstacles. Cooperation among states, facilitated by the shared French language, as well as the role of civil society and the media, appear to be decisive factors. Faced with contemporary challenges such as artificial intelligence, cybercrime, and cryptocurrencies, Michel Sapin emphasizes the need to continually adapt legal frameworks.
Ten years after the Sapin II Law, he offers an overall positive assessment while calling for continued mobilization, particularly among younger generations, in support of transparency and public ethics.
Michel Sapin is a senior French civil servant and politician, and former Minister of the Economy and Finance. The Sapin I and II laws, named after him, aim to combat institutionalized corruption.
While the biggest CAC 40 groups are fully rooted in the global market, armed to face up to its many constraints, not all companies are in a position to invest in R&D and innovate sufficiently to stand out from the competition.
What role can public authorities play in supporting domestic companies? Is there still public support for companies despite European rules drawn up to avoid distorting competition?
The aim of this meeting is to explore the challenges facing companies today, by identifying the areas where France and other European economies, must act as a priority if they are to halt their relative decline and remain among the world's leading economic powers.
Sarah Guillou is an economist who heads the innovation and competition department at the Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (OFCE), the economics research center at Sciences Po Paris. She has worked extensively on the French productive fabric, business investment and the competitiveness of European economies, as well as on public policies designed to support businesses and encourage innovation. More recently, his research has focused on the question of economic sovereignty, an ambition increasingly displayed by political powers since the Covid-19 crisis, but one whose realization faces numerous obstacles.
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The tax treaty concluded between the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg and the Federal Republic of Germany (the «Tax Treaty») entered into force on 30 September 2013 and became effective as from 1 January 2014, replacing the former tax treaty signed back in 1958. The Tax Treaty was largely drafted along the lines of the 2010 version of the OECD Model Tax Convention. The Tax Treaty is further complemented by a protocol that forms an integral part of the Tax Treaty.
This guide provides a clear understanding of the Tax Treaty and anticipates the changes resulting from the OECD Multilateral Convention to Implement Tax Treaty Related Measures to Prevent Base Erosion and Profit Shifting («Multilateral Instrument» or «MLI»). Charts, overviews and checklists will accompany the reader in assessing the vital elements to consider in each tax analysis. Tax advisers and practitioners should gain substantially from the insights provided in this book.
Bilateral tax treaties are a cornerstone of the international tax landscape and play a vital role in the global economy. Attempting to reconcile the complex and ever-changing domestic tax laws of the contracting states, the main purpose of tax treaties is to foster cross-border investment and business activities albeit the more recent focus of the OECD was on the tackling of perceived tax treaty abuses. The economies of Luxembourg and the Federal Republic of Germany are particularly intertwined. Luxembourg is a financial centre, a major fund location and the location of choice for establishing holding companies. As such, the Federal Republic of Germany is one of the main investment jurisdictions and a key investor jurisdiction of Luxembourg companies and investment funds. The tax treaty concluded between the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg and the Federal Republic of Germany (the “Tax Treaty”) entered into force on 30 September 2013 and became effective as from 1 January 2014, replacing the former tax treaty signed back in 1958. The Tax Treaty was largely drafted along the lines of the 2010 version of the OECD Model Tax Convention. The Tax Treaty is further complemented by a protocol that forms an integral part of the Tax Treaty. This guide provides a clear understanding of the Tax Treaty and anticipates the changes resulting from the OECD Multilateral Convention to Implement Tax Treaty Related Measures to Prevent Base Erosion and Profit Shifting ("Multilateral Instrument” or “MLI”). Charts, overviews and checklists will accompany the reader in assessing the vital elements to consider in each tax analysis. Tax advisers and practitioners should gain substantially from the insights provided in this book.]]>